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Although C₆₀is usually the electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells, its molecular nature of C₆₀leads to weak interfaces that lead to non-ideal interfacial electronic and mechanical degradation. Here, we synthesized an ionic salt from C₆₀, 4-(1',5′-dihydro-1'-methyl-2'H-[5,6] fullereno-C₆₀-I_h-[1,9-c]pyrrol-2'-yl) phenylmethanaminium chloride (CPMAC), and used it as the electron shuttle in inverted PSCs. The CH₂-NH₃⁺head group in the CPMA cation improved the ETL interface and the ionic nature enhanced the packing, leading to ~3-fold increase in the interfacial toughness compared to C₆₀. Using CPMAC, we obtained ~26% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with ~2% degradation after 2,100 hours of 1-sun operation at 65°C. For minimodules (four subcells, 6 centimeters square), we achieved the PCE of ~23% with <9% degradation after 2,200 hours of operation at 55°C. 

Abstract Hybrid magnonic systems are a newcomer for pursuing coherent information processing owing to their rich quantum engineering functionalities. One prototypical example is hybrid magnonics in antiferromagnets with an easy-plane anisotropy that resembles a quantum-mechanically mixed two-level spin system through the coupling of acoustic and optical magnons. Generally, the coupling between these orthogonal modes is forbidden due to their opposite parity. Here we show that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-Interaction (DMI), a chiral antisymmetric interaction that occurs in magnetic systems with low symmetry, can lift this restriction. We report that layered hybrid perovskite antiferromagnets with an interlayer DMI can lead to a strong intrinsic magnon-magnon coupling strength up to 0.24 GHz, which is four times greater than the dissipation rates of the acoustic/optical modes. Our work shows that the DMI in these hybrid antiferromagnets holds promise for leveraging magnon-magnon coupling by harnessing symmetry breaking in a highly tunable, solution-processable layered magnetic platform.